英语来源:英语-黄金考点汇编【公众号:密知圈】.pdf
本文由助学点资料原件自动转换而来,内容未作改写。原件:
英语-黄金考点汇编【公众号:密知圈】.pdf
黄金考点汇编 2025 年 成考专升本英语 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 2 / 22
(一)单重所有格——’s 所有格 1、表示有生命的名词的所有格 构成方法 例词 单数名词 加 ’s the girl’s toys the waitress’s toys 复数名词 以 s 结尾,加 ’ the girls’ toys 非 s 结尾,加 ’s the children’s toys 特殊情况 以 s 结尾的人名,加 ’s 或 s’ 都行 Dickens’ novels Dickens’s novels 用法 1 表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加 ’s Lucy and Lily’s mother 用法 2 表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个人都要后都要加 ’s Lucy’s and Lily’s books 用法 3 表示某人的家,店铺、诊所时,常省略所有格后的名词 at my uncle’s = at my uncle’s home 2、表示无生命事物的所有关系 一般用...of...结构表示无生命的名词所有格 名词 A+of+名词 B:表示 B 的 A eg: the door of the room 房间的门; the price of the book 书的价格 (二)双重所有格:指同时既使用's 所有格又使用 of 所有格 1、名词+of +名词所有格:a friend of Jack's a photo of Mr Smith's 史密斯先生收藏的一张照片 a photo of Mr Smith 史密斯先生照的一张照片 2、名词+of+名词性物主代词 a friend of hers
表示说话者情感状态的动词。情态动词本身有词义,但意义不完整,一般不单独作谓语,而是与动词原形一起构 成谓语。 情态动词 用法 示例 can/could 表示能力:能,会 (can 表现在,could 表过去) She can speak French very well. I could read when I was three. 表示请求或许可:可以 (could 语气更委婉,回答用 can 或 can't) -Could I use your computer? -Yes, you can. You can borrow two books at a time from the library. 表示把握较大的推测:可能会 (多用于疑问句和否定句) -Can the news be true? -No, it can't be true. Anybody can make mistakes. may/might 表示请求或许可:可以 (疑问句的肯定回答用 can, 否定回答用 mustn't/can't/had better not) You may take the book home. -May I use your computer? -Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 表推测(把握不大): 可能,或许,大概(一般不用于疑问句) One may live a hundred years, but cannot live three hundred. may + 主语 + 谓语(表示祝愿) May our friendship live long. may/might well Beijing may/might well be changing faster than any 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 3 / 22 *温馨提示:情态动词表推测时,可能性大小排序如下: must>will>would>shall>should>can>could>may>might>can’t
在英语中,谓语受主语支配,必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。 谓语动 词用单 数 单数名词或代词作主语 The boy goes to school every day. 动词不定式或动名词作主语 Seeing is believing. the number of + 可数名词复数作主语 The number of students is 40. one of + 可数名词复数作主语 One of my favorite kids is Tom. 理应,有足够理由;可能 other city on earth. may/might as well 倒不如,不妨 It is very late, so you may/might as well go to bed. will/would 表意愿(will 表现在,would 表过去) I won't let you down. 表请求或建议(多用于第二人称的疑问句,would 语气更加委婉) Would you please tell me your telephone number? 表推测可能会 You won't know the woman in red. She is our new neighbor. should 表示劝告、建议或义务、责任 You should do it because you have promised to. 表示按常理或经验进行的推测 They should be there by now, I think. 表示惊讶、疑惑、欣喜、失望等情感, 意为 “竟然” I don't know why you should think that I did it. must 表义务、命令,语气强烈,必须;否定形式为 mustn't,意为 “不准,禁止” She must do it herself. I shan't help her. 用于一般疑问句,否定回答用 needn't 或 don't have to -Must I hand in homework today? -No, you needn't/don't have to. 表有把握的肯定推测:一定,必然(表否定推测 用 can't) Winter must be followed by spring. need (情态动词)need do 无人称和数的变化;常用于否定句和疑问句 Need I do this at once? We needn't drive so fast. (实义动词)need to do/doing 有人称和数的变化,用于一切句式 He needs our help. My shoes need repairing /to be repaired. We need to tell him the truth. 情态动词
(一)常跟动词不定式的动词(词组) afford (负担得起) agree (同意) choose (选择) dare (敢) decide (决定) expect (期望) 就远原则 口诀:好像包括四除五和 名词 A + 连词 + 名词 B 规则:谓语动词的单复数, 看离动词最远的 A 的单 复数。A 为单数,谓语动 词用单数,A 为复数,谓 语动词用复数。 好像:like 包括:including 四除:but , except , besides , in addition to 五和:with, along with , together with, combined with , as well as ①Nobody but two boys was late for class. ②All the kids except Jim get a new book. 就近原则 规则:谓语动词的单复数, 看离动词最近的 B 的单 复数,B 为单数,谓语动 词用单数,B 为复数,谓 语动词用复数。
(一)常跟动名词的动词 admit (承认) avoid (避免) consider (考虑) appreciate (感激) enjoy (喜欢) finish (完成) imagine (想象) keep (坚持) mind (介意) miss (错过) practice (练习) suggest (建议) mean (意味着) (二)常跟动名词的词组 be busy(忙于...) be/get used to(习惯于......) devote to(致力于....) give up(放弃....) look forward to(盼望......) spend time (in)(花费时间....) stop sb. from(阻止某人..) be worth(值得....) be good at(擅长.....) feel like(想要...) keep on(继续..) pay attention to(注意......) succeed in(成功....) can't/couldn't help(情不自禁......) have fun/trouble/problems/difficulty(in)(在......方面有乐趣/麻烦/问题/困难) instead of(而不是) (三)既可跟不定式又可跟动名词的动词(词组) stop doing sth.(停止做某事) stop to do sth.(停下来去做另一件事) try doing sth.(尝试做某事) try to do sth.(设法/努力去做某事) forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)[已做] forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)[未做] remember doing sth,(记得做过某事)[已做] remember to do sth.(记得去做某事)[未做] regret doing sth.(对做过的事感到遗憾/后悔)[已做] regret to do sth.(对要做的事感到遗憾/后悔)[未做] mean doing sth.(意味着做某事) mean to do sth.(打算做某事)
(一)have sth done 让别人为自己做某事 eg: I had my car repaired by a mechanic 我让一位汽车技师修理了我的车 (二)make sb do 让某人做某事 make sb/sth done 使......被..... eg: make himself understood 使他自己被理解 make his spoken English understood 使他的英语口语被理解
(一)一般现在时 1、频率副词 always 总是(100%)、usually 通常(80%)、often 经常(60%)、 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 6 / 22 sometimes 有时(30%)、seldom 几乎不(10%)、never 从不(0%) 2、every 系列 every day 每天、every time 每次、every Sunday 每周日 3、once/twice 系列 once a week 每周一次、twice a month 每月二次、three times a year 每年三次 (二)一般过去时 1、yesterday 系列 yesterday morning /the day before yesterday 2、ago 系列——时间段+ago …之前 a week ago two months ago long long ago 很久以前 3、last 系列 上一… last year/month/week/night/Monday/term 4、 in+过去年份/世纪 in 2005/2018/2022 in the 19th century 5、其他常考时间状语 in the past 在过去 just now 刚才 this morning 今天早上 (三)一般将来时 1、tomorrow 系列 tomorrow morning/ afternoon/evening…. 明天早上/下午/晚上 the day after tomorrow 后天 eg: My father will come back tomorrow 2、next 系列 next Monday 下周一 next month/year/term 下个月/明年 next time 下一次 eg: My father will come back next Monday 3、in+将来时间系列 in 2090 在 2090 年 in 22th century 在 22 世纪 in a year/week 在一年/周内 eg: My father will come back in 2090 4、其他常考时间短语 in the future 在将来 soon 很快 sooner or later 迟早 eg: My father will come back in the future/soon/ sooner or later (四)过去将来时 同一般将来时 (五)现在进行时 1、now 系列 now /right now 现在 eg: My father is watching TV now/right now. 2、五官系列:listen 听/ look 看 eg: Look, the boys are playing basketball. Listen, the boy is crying. 3、at 系列: at this time at this moment at present eg: My father is watching TV at this time. (六)过去进行时
(一)基本句型:主语+be done+(by)+其他 1、一般现在时:主+am/is/are+done+by+其他 2、一般过去时:主+was/were+done+by+其他 3、一般将来时:主+will be+done+by+其他 4、过去将来时:主+would be+done+by+其他 5、现在进行时:主+am/is/are+being+done+by+其他 6、过去进行时:主+was/were+being+done+by+其他 7、现在完成时:主+have/has been+done+by+其他 8、过去完成时:主+had been+done+by+其他 9、将来完成时:主+will+have been+done+by+其他 (二)特殊句型 1、主动表被动: (1)want, need, deserve, would like 等词表示“想要”“值得”时,被动用 to be done 或 doing eg: Doudou wants to be beaten every day. 豆豆想要每天都被打 (2)部分不及物动词,像 sell , wear , wash , read , open , shut 等及物动词作不及物动词,跟 easily , well , nicely , smoothly 等连用时,强调谓语动词给主语带来某种结果,多用主动表示被动。 This book sells well .这本书很畅销。 The dress wears very well .这件衣服耐穿。 2、It 作形式主语:It+ be +部分动词过去分词+that+其他 eg: It is said that doudou is often beaten by penguins. 据说豆豆经常被企鹅们打 It is said that penguins often beat doudou.据说企鹅们经常打豆豆 3、连系动词像 taste , feel , smell , sound , look , stay 等可以用主动形式表示被动意义。 The desk feels smooth .桌子摸起来很光滑。 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 8 / 22
(一)if 条件句的虚拟语气 if 引导的从句时态 主句时态 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 (had done) would/should/could/might+have done (现在完成时) 与现在事实相反 过去时 (be 动词只用 were) would/should/could/might+do 与将来事实相反 1. 过去时(be 动词用 were) 2. were to do 3. should do would/should/could/might+do 注意:if 条件句虚拟语气的倒装 当虚拟条件句中从句的谓语部分有 were, should, had 时,我们可以将连词 if 省略,将 were, should, had 放在句首。例如:
不定冠词:a,an——泛指:广泛的指代(多表示为,“一类” “一个” “一种”) 定冠词:the——特指:特定的指代(多表示为 “那个”) (一)不定冠词 1、泛指某一类人、事或物 (1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (2)A grammar book is necessary to a language learner. (3)A horse is a useful animal. 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 9 / 22 2、泛指某人或某物 (1)A girl is waiting for you. 一个女孩正在等你。 (2)I have a beautiful bedroom. 我有个漂亮的卧室。 (3)It is an excellent movie. 这是一部很棒的电影。 3、用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,有“每一“的意思,相当于 every (1)two kilometers an hour 每小时两千米(2)five lessons a week 每周五节课(3)twice a month 每月两次 4、用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一” I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 5、用在某些固定词组中 a lot (of)(许多,大量) make a living(谋生) in a moment(过一会儿) after a while(过一会儿) have a rest(休息) have a look(瞧瞧) have a good time(过得开心) take a shower(淋浴) take a break(休息) take a bath(洗澡) get a cold(患感冒) get a fever(发烧) (二)定冠词 1、指世界上独一无二的事物 Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 2、用在方位词前 on the left 在左边 in the middle of 在中间 3、形容词、副词最高级前 The first lesson is the easiest one in this book. 4、用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前 the Black Sea 黑海,the Changjiang/Yangtze River 长江 5、用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩” the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩 6、用在乐器名称前 She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴 7、用在序数词前 The first lesson is easy. 对比:I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 8、用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the United States(美国), the United Kingdom(英国) 9、用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人 the poor 穷人,the blind 盲人 10、用在某些固定搭配中 all the same 仍然;all the time 一直;at the moment 此刻;at the same time 同时; by the way 顺便说;do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服; in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上;in the open air 在户外 11、特指某(些)人或某(些)物 (1) The blue shirt is mine (2) Open the window, please. (3) I have a car. The car is red. *口诀: 一独二方三高四海五行(姓) 西洋乐器序数词 普通专有一类人 固定搭配加特指 (三)零冠词 1、在专有名词和不可数名词前 Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场 对比:the United States(美国), the United Kingdom(英国) 2、在星期,月份,季节,节日前 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 10 / 22 on Sunday 在周日,in March 在三月,in spring 在春天,on Women’s Day 在妇女节 He joined the Army in the spring of 1982. 3、在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前 (1)Among the subjects, I like English best. (2)I have lunch at school every day. (3)I play football every Thursday afternoon. 4、某些固定词组中不用冠词 (1)与 by 连用的交通工具名称前 by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship (2)介词词组 at home, in surprise, at noon, on foot, at night, on duty, at work, on time, for example, in class, on show, in bed (3)go 短语 go home, go to bed, go to school, go to work, go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing *温馨提示:用与不用冠词的区别 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 走到床前 go to sea 出海 go to the sea 到海边去 go to school 去上学 go to the school 去学校 at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁 in bed 在睡觉 in the bed 在床上 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院 by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边 小技巧:有 the 表地点,无 the 表动作
人称代词 物主代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 单数 第一人称 我 I me my mine myself 第二人称 你 you you your yours yourself 第三人称 他 he him his his himself 第三人称 她 she her her hers herself 第三人称 它 it it its its itself 复数 第一人称 我们 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 你们 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 他们、她 们、它们 they them their theirs themselves
指示代词及用法 例句 this/these 一般用来指时间或空间上较近的人或物; that/those 一般用来指时间或空间上较远的人或物 This is a pen and that is a pencil. These are my books and those are his. this/these 常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用; that/those 有承上的作用,指前面刚刚提过的事 What I want to tell you is this:the meeting is put off till Friday. (启下) We have no time to do it. That’s his job. (承上) that 和 those 可用来代替前面提过的名词, 避免重复, 尤其在比较状语从句中 The students of Class One are better than those of Class Two.
(一)little,a little,few,a few 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 11 / 22 不定代词 用法 a few;few a few 表示肯定,few 表示否定,修饰可数名词的复数 a little;little a little 表示肯定,little 表示否定,修饰不可数名词 (二)all、any 与 none 相同点 均用于三个或三个以上的人或物 不同点 all 指“三个或三个以上的人或物” any 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”, none 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(全部否定)” (三)both、either 与 neither 词汇 用法 both 表示“两者都” either 表示“两者中的任何一个”,作主语时谓语动词用单数 neither 表示“两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词用单数 (四)other,others, the other, the others, another
(一)题目中出现关键词 than,用比较级 不同 程度 (两 者比 较) A + 比较级 + than+B;表示 "A 比 B 更......" My room is bigger than yours. A+much/even/a little + 比较级 + than+B;表示 "A 比 B......(程度词)" Our classroom is much larger than theirs. A+less + 原级 + than+B;表示 "A 不及 / 不如 B......" The film was less fun than that one. 表程 度加 深 比较级 + and + 比较级 (单音节形容词) more and more + 原级 (多音节形容词);表示 "越来越・....." It's getting hotter and hotter. You are more and more beautiful. the + 比较级,the + 比较级;表示 "越......, 就越......" The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 表程度加深 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 (表最高级) 表示 "比其他任何...... 都......" Lin is taller than any other student in his class. 两者中较为突 出的一个 the + 比较级 + of the two 表示 "两者中更....." Jim is the taller of the two boys. 量化比较 数量 / 倍数 + 比较级 + than... Jack is three years older than Tom. 特殊情况 a (n)+ 比较级 + 名词 If you study harder, you can have a better grade. can't + 比较级 表示 "再...... 不过" She couldn't have explained the matter more clearly. (二)最高级 句型 用法 示例 the + 最高级 + of/in/among 表示三者或以上的比较 He is the tallest boy in our class. Miller jumps (the) highest among the three students. 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 12 / 22 one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数
基数词 hundred,thousand,million,billion 表示确切数目时,不能加 s 但在表示不确切数目时,要用“复数形式+of”结构, 如:five thousand 五千,thousands of 成千上万的。 口诀:“具体数目用单数,概数数目用复数,后面还要加 of”
(一)时间介词 介词 用法 示例 in in + 大时间(月、季节、年、 世纪或特殊情况上午、下午、晚上) in May;in 2022;in the sixteenth century; in autumn;in the morning 表示“(从现在起)多久之后”, 常与一般将来时连用 She’ll be back in an hour. on on+星期或具体的某一天 on Sunday; on June 1st on+ 具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上 on Monday morning at at+ 钟点时刻 at seven o’clock 用于固定搭配中 at noon; at night; at dusk; at the age of 10 from 表示开始时间 From now on, I will learn English every morning. since 后接时间点,意为“在……之后”, 与一般将来时连用 He has lived here since 1993. 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 13 / 22 for for+时间段,指持续(多长时间) I have studied English for six years. by by+ 将来的时间,常与一般将来时连用, 意为“在……之前” I’ll finish the task by Friday. after after+时间点,意为“在……之后”, 与一般将来时连用 I will play basketball with my friends after 17:00. after+以过去为起点的时间段,意为 “在……之后”,与一般过去时连用 They finished the work after two years. before before+时间点,意为“在……之前” He’ll arrive here before ten. until 用于肯定句中,意为“直到……为止” I waited for you until 10 o’clock. 用于否定句中,意为“直到……才” I didn’t go to bed until ten. (二)地点介词 介词 用法 示例 in 表示在某范围或空间内的某一点 in the park/ garden;in the south of China 用于较大的地方前(如:国家、城市等) in China;in Beijing/ Paris on 表示与某地相邻关系 Russia is on the north of China. 表示在……上面,与物体表面接触 on the wall to 表示在某一地区之外的某个地方(不属于该范围) Japan lies to the east of China. at 用于较小的地方前(如:车站、机场等) at the airport (三)方位介词 方位 介词(短语) 用法 上 over(不接触,正上方) above(不接触,非正上方) on(接触) 下 under below 前 in front of in the front of 后 behind 内部 in in the middle of 在…… 的中心 左 / 右 on one's left /right on the left / right 中间 between... and 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 14 / 22 附近 near next to 在...旁边 by Come and sit by me. 从一边到另一边 across They ran across the street. 在…对面 There’s a bank right across the street. (四)方式介词 介词 用法 示例 by 用 by 时,表方式,交通工具前不用任何修饰词 by bike/ by bus/ by plane/ by train in/on 用 in 或者 on 时,交通工具为具体实物,其前有修饰语或本 身是复数 on the school bus/ in my father’s car by 用 by 时,名词前面不能再有任何修饰词, 表示“用……”。另外,还可以用 by+ doing , 表示“通过……” by hand; by cheque(支票); by taking notes;by listening to music; by studying with a group with with+工具(实物),表示“用……” with a knife; with your own eyes in in+语言、材料、声音等,表示 “用……” in Japanese; in ink; in a high voice on 通过,使用,借助于 on the Internet; on the phone through 用……途径或媒介 through the telescope(望远镜) (五)除去介词 介词 用法 示例 besides 除……以外 besides+同样情况的人或物 He went besides me. 除了我去了以外,他也去了。 except except+不同情况的人或物 All went except me. 除了我没去以外,大家都去了 except for except for+前 述 人 或 物 的 一 个侧面 Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. but 除去(多和 nobody, nothing, who 连用) I have told nobody but you.
(一)介词和动词的固定搭配 look after 照顾 take part in 参加 join in 参加 worry about 为……担心 take care of 关心;照顾 think of 想起 get up 起床 get on 上(车、船等) (二)介词和形容词的固定搭配 be afraid of 害怕 be full of 充满 be sure of 确信;深信 be proud of 为…感到自豪 be sure of 确信;深信 be good at 在…方面做得好 be satisfied with 对…满意 be responsible for 对……负责 be interested in 对……感兴趣
状语从句从 属连词 时间状语 when,as,while,before,after,since,until,once(曾经),as soon as(一…就…) 地点状语 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 原因状语 as,because,since,for 结果状语 如此…以致于 so...that, such...that, 目的状语 为了 so that, in order that, 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 15 / 22 条件状语 if, unless(除非),once(一旦),in case(以防万一), as( so) long as(只要) 让步状语 (虽然)though, although, even though(if)即使 ,no matter(不管怎样) 比较状语 as...as, than 方式状语 as if(though) 好像,as 作为
(一)由 or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only…but also…, not…but…等连接并列主语时,遵循就近原则 就近原则 规则:谓语动词的单复数,看离动 词最近的 B 的单复数,B 为单数, 谓语动词用单数,B 为复数,谓语 动词用复数。
一个加长版的名词,用三种句子来分别充当另一个句子的四种成分 (一)主语从句 在复合句中,充当主语的从句。动词之前 That they won the match make us happy. 1、引导词 从属连词 that(在句首不能省略) whether, if (不能用在句首) 连接代词 who,what, which,whom, whose, whoever, whatever... 连接副词 when, where, why, how 2、It 作形式主语,真正的主语从句在句尾 It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 3、如何找出主语从句 (1)先找谓语,谓语前的句子就是主语从句 (2)it 作形式主语,从句作真正的主语,即为主语从句 That he will succeed is certain. What we need is more time. 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 16 / 22 It is a pity that we lost the match. (二)宾语从句 在复合句中,充当宾语的从句。动词(及物动词),介词,形容词之后 I think that she is beautiful. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. I'm happy that you can join us. 1、引导词 从句 引导词 举例 陈述句 that 引导宾语从句时只起连接作用,不充当任何成分,可 省略。 I know (that) she has returned. 我知道她已经回来了。 一 般 疑 问 句 (1)if/whether 意为“是否”,不充当句子成分,不可以省略。 (2)if 和 whether 引导宾语从句时,一般情况下可互换,但 与 or not 连用时只能用 whether。 I donʼt know if/whether you can dance with me.= I donʼt know whether you can dance with me or not. 我不知道你是否能和我一起跳舞。 特 殊 疑 问 句 疑问代词:who, whom, what, whoever, whose, which,有 词义,充当从句中的主语、宾语、定语等,不可以省略。 ①Do you know what they were talking about just now? 你知道他们刚才在谈论什么吗? ②She canʼt decide which bag she should buy. 她 不知道该买哪个包。 疑问副词:where, when, why, how,有词义,充当从句中 的状语,不可以省略。 Did you ask the teacher when we would have a test? 你问老师我们将于什么时候考试了吗? 2、语序 宾语从句用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语(+其他)”。如: Lucy wants to know where her pen pal lives. 露西想知道她的笔友住在哪儿。 引导词 主语 谓语 3、时态 (1)需要性原则:主句是现在时,从句时态随句意。 如:I think he has finished his homework. 我觉得他已经完成他的作业了。 (2)呼应性原则:主句是过去时,从句相应地使用过去的某种时态。 如:She asked me if I knew whose pen it was. 她问我是否知道这支钢笔是谁的。 (3)特殊性原则:当从句表示客观事实或真理时,时态不受主句影响,使用一般现在时。 如:My physics teacher told me that light travels faster than sound. 我的物理老师告诉我光比声音传播得快。 4、宾语从句的简化 (1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是 know,remember,ask,tell,show,teach 等时,从句可 简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如: She doesnʼt know when she should go there.=She doesnʼt know when to go there. 她不知道什么时候去那里。 (2)如果复合句中的宾语从句很长时,可用 it 作形式宾语,简化为“动词+it+宾补”结构,避免句子头重脚轻。如: I found that it was a really interesting movie.=I found it a really interesting movie. 我发现这是一部很有趣的电影。 5、宾语从句的否定转移 当主句的主语是第一人称,且谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose 等时,如果宾语从句为否定句,否定词要移到主句的谓 语动词之前。 I donʼt think they have finished their work yet. 我认为他们还未完成他们的工作。 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 17 / 22 (三)表语从句 在复合句中,充当表语的从句。系动词(be,look, remain, seem)之后 This is why we can't get the support of the people. But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 1、引导词 从属连词 that(不可省略) whether(不能用 if) 连接代词 who,what, which,whom, whose, whoever, whatever... 2、主句的主语为名词 reason 时,表语从句中的连接词要用 that,而不用 why 或 because。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drunk. (四)同位语从句 在复合句中,作名词同位语的名词性从句,从句对前面的名词起进一步说明的作用。 名词之后 The fact that he had not attended the meeting surprised me. 1、引导词 从属连词 that whether 连接代词 who,what, which,whom, whose, whoever, whatever... 连接副词 when, where, why, how 2、同位语从句通常用于以下名词之后: fact, news, idea, hope, belief, thought, doubt, truth, order, suggestion, word 等。 The fact that he worked through night surprised us.
在主从复合句中,修饰句中某一名词或代词,充当这一名词或代词的定语的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句分为限 制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。也可以称作引导词。 She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. (一)关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 1、关系代词:who、whom、which、that、whose、as 在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 2、关系副词:when,where,why 在从句内作状语。 关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词(reason) 原因状语 *温馨提示:关系副词 when, where, why 可以用适当的介词+which 来替代。 如:when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear.=The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear. *温馨提示:只用 that 不用 which 的几种情况
当我们陈述了一个事实,而又不是很有把握,就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句,称为反义疑问句。
(一)What + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)! What a beautiful girl she is ! What an excellent girl she is ! (二)What + adj. + 可数名词复数 + (主语 + 谓语)! What important jobs they have done! What lovely girls they are! (三) What + adj. + 不可数名词 + (主语 +谓语)! What sweet water it is! What exciting news it is!
(一) How + adj./adv. + (主语 + 谓语)! How interesting the dog is! How fast he runs! (二)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)! How lovely a girl she is! (三)How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! *温馨提示:感叹句如何判断用 what 还是 how? ①去主谓,定末尾;②名词 what,形副 how;③a, an 出现注意到;④形名相连用 what;⑤形名相隔就用 How 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 20 / 22 what beautiful flowers they are! How beautiful a girl she is! How beautiful the girl is!
(一)用助动词“do/ does/ did+动词原形”表强调(强调谓语) 动词前加上助动词“do”,表示“的确”,“务必”,“确实”,“真的”,”一定” 助动词随人称的数、时态变化 I do love you (我的确爱你) I did love you(我的确曾经爱过你) He does hate her (他真的恨她) (二)用强调句型表强调 It is/ was +被强调部分+that/ who +其他部分 I saw him on the street last night. → It was I that/who saw him on the street last night.(强调主语) → It was last night that I saw him on the street.(强调时间状语) → It was on the street that I saw him last night.(强调地点状语) → It was him that/who I saw on the street last night.(强调宾语) 被强调部分为主语时,“被强调部分”用主格; 被强调部分为宾语时,“被强调部分”用宾格。 *温馨提示:区分强调句和定语从句 It was in the house that he was born.强调句 It was the house where he was born.定语从句 It was at midnight that he got sick.强调句 It was midnight when he got sick.定语从句 区分方法: 将句子中的“It was… that( when/ where)…” 结构去掉: 如若还能成完整的句子,则为强调句;如若不能成完整的句子,则为定语从句。
把谓语的一部分或全部提前,就叫做倒装。倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装 (一)完全倒装 整个谓语放在主语前 结构:谓语动词+主语 e.g. Away went the boy. 那个男孩走开了. 1.表示方向、时间或方位,地点的副词或介词短语,置于句首,用完全倒装. 如: here, there, now, then , up,in,out,away,in the room,on the wall 等。 (主语必须是名词;若主语是代词不能倒装.) e.g. On the table were some flowers. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. 2. Such 置于句首时,用完全倒装。 e.g. Such are the facts: no one can deny them. 3.There be 句型,用完全倒装.(be 动词可用 stand 、live、lie、 exist、 remain、seem、 appear 等来代替,以更生动地表示 其存在方式.) 形式:There+谓语+主语. (谓语动词的单复数根据靠近谓语动词的名词的单复数来变化) e.g. There are some black clouds . There stands a tower on the top of the mountain.. 4.表语置于句首时,用完全倒装. 形式:形容词/ 现在分词/ 过去分词/ 介词短语 +be +主语. e.g. Present at the meeting were twenty teachers and thirty students. 20 位老师和 30 位学生参加了会议。 e.g. Seated on the ground are a group of young people. 席地而坐的是一群年轻人。 e.g. In each room are ten students. 每间教室是 10 个学生. (二)部分倒装 部分谓语 (情态动词、系动词、助动词)在主语前, 谓语主体部分仍在主语之后. 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 21 / 22 结构: 助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语主体部分 e.g. Never will I forget her. 我永远也不会忘记她. 1.only 修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句(统称为状语),且放在句首时,用部分倒装. e.g. Only then did he realize he was wrong. 直到那时他才意识到他错了。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只能以这种方式,我们才能学好英语. Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 直到战争结束后,他才知道那个令人难过的消息. Only he was hurt in the accident. 2.否定副词或短语,置于句首时,用部分倒装. 如:never, not, nor hardly, little, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no case 等 e.g. He didn't make a single mistake.他一个错误也没犯。= Not a single mistake did he make. Never before have I seen such a moving film.我以前从未看过这么感人的电影. At no time will china be the first to use the nuclear weapon. 在任何情况下,中国都不会首先使用核武器。 3、五个重要句型
(一)元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节和 r 音节中的读音规则 1.元音字母在重读开音节中一般读字母的名称音 字母 a 字母 e 字母 i ( y) 字母 o 字母 u [eɪ] [i:] [aɪ] [əʊ] [ju:] blame [ bleɪm ] be [ bi: ] five [ faɪv ] close [ kəʊz ] huge [ hju:dʒ] 2.元音字母在重读闭音节中的读音 字母 a 字母 e 字母 i 字母 o 字母 u [æ] [e] [ɪ] [ɒ] [ʌ] sad [ sæd ] bed [ bed ] bring [ brɪŋ ] box [ bɒks ] cup [ kʌp ] 句型 用法 例句 such /so... that ... such /so 部分位于句首,主句用部分倒 装,that 从句不倒装 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. not only ... but (also)... not only 置于句首,not only 引导的句子 倒装,but (also) 引导的句子不倒装 Not only did it broaden our horizons, but also enriched our experience. not until ... not until 置于句首时,until 从句主谓不 倒装,主句需部分倒装 Not until he returned did we have supper. so/neither/nor +be /have/ 助动词 / 情 态动词 + 主语 表示 “前一句中的内容也适合于另一个 人或事物” (注:表肯定前内容时不用倒装) He came last night, so did I. -It is hot today. -So it is. as 引导的让步状语 从句 adj./adv./ n.(n. 前无冠词)/v.(动词用原形)+as + 主语 + 剩余部分 Child as he was, he made a living by himself. Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. Try as he was might, he didn't pass the exam. as 必须倒装;though 可倒可不倒;although 绝对不能倒 Child as I though he was, he made a living by himself. Although/Though he was a child, he made a living by himself. 2025 年成考专升本英语黄金考点汇编 22 / 22 3.元音字母在 r 音节中的读音 ar er ir or ur [ɑ:] [ɜ:] [ɜ:] [ɔ:] [ɜ:] cart [ kɑ:t ] her [hɜ:] first [fɜ:st] formal [ 'fɔ:mal ] burm [bɜ:n] (二)元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则 字母 a [ə] [ɪ] capacity [ kə'pæsəti ] cabbage [' kæbɪdʒ] 字母 e [ə] [ɪ] golden[ 'gəʊldən] decide[ dɪ'saɪd] 字母 i ( y) [ɪ] [aɪ] office[ 'ofɪs] occupy['ɒkjupaɪ] 字母 o [ə] [əʊ] bottom['bɒtəm] photo['fəʊtəʊ] 字母 u [ə] [ju:] difficult['dɪfɪkəlt] occupy['ɒkjupaɪ] (三)辅音字母读音规则 辅音字母 b 单词开头读作[b] book[bʊk] 单词结尾不发音 comb[kəʊm] 辅音字母 c 元音字母 a,o,u 前读[k] cat [ kæt] 元音字母 e,i (y)前读[s] device[ dɪ'vaɪs] 字母组合 ia,ie,io 前读[∫] conscious[ 'kɒn∫əs] 辅音字母 g 一般读作[g] egg[ eg] 元音字母 e,i(y)前读[dʒ] huge[ hju:dʒ] 辅音字母 h 一般情况读作[h] hair[hea] 部分单词词首或中间不发音 hour[aʊə] ; honour ['ɒnə] 辅音字母 s [s] 词首 six[sɪks] s 前面或后面是清辅音([p][t] [k] [f]) system['sɪstəm] ; cups[cʌps] 元音字母和不发音字母 e 之间,在名词中 case [keɪs] [z] 两个元音字母之间 design[dɪ'zaɪn] 元音字母和不发音字母 e 之间,在动词中 praise[preɪz] [ɪz] s 或 es 是在[s][z][ʃ][tʃ][dʒ]等辅音后 glasses['ɡlɑ:sɪz]